Contact   |   Home Page   |   NT Page   |   Go to Part 2   |   About this Web Site NT Workstation | Workgroup | Domain Kernel Mode | User Mode Virtual Memory | Applications NT Boot Process | Partitions |File Systems Installation Program | Unattended Installation SYSDIFF | TCP/IP | SLIP | NT Server PPP | IPX/SPX | NetBEUI |DLC DHCP | ARP NetWare Support | RAS Security Registry | Registry Utilities User Profiles | System Policies | Map Drive User Manager | Account Policy Volume Sets | Stripe Sets Printing Event Viewer | Task Manager NTFS Security | File Sharing HQTOOL Network Types | DOS Multithreading | Multiprocessing | Multitasking Preemptive Multitasking Win16 |Win32 Emergency Repair Disk Remove NT on FAT | Remove NT on NTFS NT Workstation Supports preemptive multitasking, multithreading, multiprocessing; no support for Plug and Play Supports up to two processors Intel 486/33 or higher, or digital Alpha Requires 12 MB RAM (16 MB recommended), approximately 117-MB disk storage 32-bit Runs DOS, Win16, Win32, OS/2 (limited), POSIX, (limited) applications Version 4.0 Windows 95 user interface Top Kernel Mode HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer)) I/O Manager Windows Manager Kernel (Includes Object Manager, Virtual Memory Manager, Process Manager, Security Reference Monitor, Local Procedure Call Facility) Top User Mode Security Subsystem Environment subsystems (POSIX, OS/2, Win32, DOs, WOW) Request services from kernel mode components Top Virtual Memory Memory not in current use is swapped to disk Swap files can be used on multiple disks 4-GB virtual memory space (2 GB for applications, 2 GB for system) Top Applications DOS applications each use a VDM; each has a separate memory space Win16 applications share a VDM and a single memory space by default Win32 applications each have a separate memory space Top NT Boot Process 1. BIOS read MBR, starts NTLDR 2. NTLDR reads BOOT.INI, displays menu of operating systems 3. If DOS is selected, BOOTSECT.DOS is executed 4. NTDETECT.COM tests and detects hardware 5. NEOSKRNL.EXE starts Windows NT Top Partitions Boot Partition contains system files (\WINNT, HAL.DLL, NTOSKRNL.EXE) System partition contains files used in boot process (NTBOOTDD.SYS, NTLDR, BOOT.INI, BOOTSECT.DOS, NTDETECT.COM Top File Systems FAT: DOS standard; 2 GB maximum; 8.3 filenames VFAT: Windows 95 and NT; 4 GB maximum; long filenames NTFS: NT 4.0 and later; 16 EB (exabytes) maximum; long filenames; security HPFS: OS/2 and NT 3.51 and earlier; includes security; cannot be migrated to HPFS in NT 4.0 Top Installation Program WINNT32 (Windows NT) or WINNT (Windows 3.1; DOS; Windows 95) WINNT /B: Do not create boot disks WINNT /OX: Create boot disks, but do not start installation WINNT /T: drive: Specify temporary storage drive WINNT /U: Use unattended answer file Top Unattended Installation Answer file: Contains answers to installation prompts Uniqueness database file (UDF): Contains specific exceptions for one or more computers Top SYSDIFF SYSDIFF /snap: Create snapshot SYSDIFF /diff: Create difference file SYSDIFF /apply: Apply difference file to computer SYSDIFF /inf: Create INF file based on difference file SYSDIFF /dump: Create report of difference file contents Top TCP/IP Network Component Transport Control Protocol and Internet Protocol Routable Used for UNIX and the Interent Main protocols: TCP (connection-oriented); UDP (connectionless) IP address consists of network address and node address Bytes for network address: 1 (Class A); 2 (Class B); 3 (Class C) First octet: 1-126 (Class A); 128-191 (Class B); 192-223 (Class C) Top SLIP - Serial Line Internet Protocol Simple; TCP/IP only; UNIX servers Top Point-to-Point Protocol PPP - Supports authentication and error control; TCP/IP or other protocol; NT Servers Top NetBEUI Used to support NetBIOS Low overhead Non-routable; used for small networks Top IPX/SPX (NWLink) Used for NetWare connectivity or as a general network transport Main protocols: IPX (connectionless); SPX (connection oriented) Routable Top DLC Non-routable Used for mainframe connectivity and network printers Top NetWare Support NWLink: IPX/XPX protocol CSNW: Client for NetWare GSNW: Gateway for NetWare (NT Server Only) FPNW: File and print sharing for NetWare (add-on product) Top RAS Security PAP (Password Authentication Protocol): Internet Standard; passwords sent as clear text; least secure SPAP (Shiva PAP): Shiva's improved version of PAP; passwords sent in encrypted form CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol): Two-way protocol using encrypted passwords MS-CHAP (Microsoft CHAP): Microsoft's proprietary version of CHAP; supported only by Windows and Windows NT Top Registry Utilities REGEDIT displays entire registry in one window; allows complex searches REGEDT32 displays subtreesss in separate windows; allows changes to registry key security Top Registry Subtrees HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT stores file associations HKEY_CURRENT_USER stores control panel settings; loaded from user profile at login HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE stores hardware-specific data HKEY_USERS stores default user settings and settings for each user profile HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG stores dynamic configuration information HKEY_DYN_DATA stores dynamic hardware information Top User Profiles Local profiles only work at a particular workstation Roaming profiles work at any Windows NT computer in the network Mandatory profiles are roaming profiles that cannot be modified by users Top User Manager Edit and control individual user accounts and policies from a central location. Top Account Policy Set password restrictions, account lockouts. Top System Policies User policy affects a particular user, or default user Computer policy affects a particular computer, or default computer System policies override user profile settings Top Security Policies Account Policy stores defaults for user accounts (password length, etc.) User Rights Policy assigns rights to users or groups Audit Policy enables or disables auditing Top Volume Sets Two or more partitions Total capacity is sum of all partition sizes Partitions can be added without erasing Decreases speed Not fault tolerant Top Stripe Sets 2-32 partitions on separate disks Intersperses data between disks Increases read and write speed Stripe sets spread data across an array of disks to improve read/write performance Stripe sets and volume sets are not fault tolerant, and cannot encompass system and boot partitions Top NTFS Security Rights: Read, Write, Delete, Change Permissions, Execute, Take Ownership, Full Control, No Access Combining user and group rights; Least restrictive permission applies unless any right is No Access Copied files inherit permissions of new directory Moved files retain permissions Top File Sharing Rights: Read; Change, Full Control, No Access Combining NTFS and share rights: Most restrictive permission applies Default shares: NETLOGON; ADMIN$ for WINNT directory; shares for each drive (C$, etc.) Top Event Viewer System Log: System error messages and status messages Security Log: Security errors and auditing Application Log: Application-specific errors and messages Top Task Manager Applications: List of currently running applications Processes: Complete list of current processes Performance: Graph of CPU and memory usage; information about files, threads, and processes in use Top Printing Printer is software representation; print device is actual hardware Configured from Printers folder Print pool: Printer with multiple assigned ports, attached to identical print devices Top NT Server Supports unlimited Network connections Supports up to 32 processors Supports up to 256 incoming RAS connections Can act as domain controller (PDC or BDC) or as a member server Supports fault tolerance (disk mirroring, striping with parity) Includes additional software (SFM, GSNW, IIS) Requires 16 MB RAM, approximately 124-MB disk storage Other features same as NT Workstation Top Network Types Workgroup (peer-to-peer) networks: Each workstation can share resources; each handles its own user authentication; best suited for small networks (10 workstations or less) Domain: (client-server) networks: One or more dedicated servers; centralized administration; any number of users; requires PDC (NT Server only) Top MS-DOS DOS applications each have a separate memory space Each DOS application runs in its own virtual DOS machine (VDM) AUTOEXEC.NT and CONFIG.NT files provide configuration information for DOS applications. Applications that attempt to access hardware directly or use their own extended memory managers are not support by Windows NT. Preemptive multitasking is supported for multiple DOS programs in separate VDMs. Each DOS application has its own memory space, and DOS applications cannot communicate with other applications. Top Win16 16-bit Windows applications are run in the WOW (Windows-on-Windows) subsystem, which also uses a VDM. These applications share a VDM and memory space by default, and are cooperatively multitasked. Win32 16-bit Windows applications written for Windows NT are support, along with the majority of those written for Windows 95. 32-bit applications each have their own memory space, but can communicate with each other and with 16-bit applications. Top Mapping Network Drives Right-clicking on the Network Neighborhood icon allows access to the Map Network Drive option. This allows you to define a UNC path to a network share and assign a local drive letter to the directory. Top Multithreading The ability of an operating system to allow multiple tasks (threads) within an application to execute at the same time. In a multiprocessor system, these may be executed on different processors. Top Multiprocessing The ability of an operating system to use multiprocessors (CPUs) in a computer at the same time. Windows NT is the only version of Windows that supports multiprocessing. Top Cooperative Multitasking A system for allowing multiple applications to execute at the same time in an operating system. Applications must cooperate, periodically giving up control of the processor for use by other applications. Top Emergency Repair Disk An emergency repair disk can be made through Disk Administrator, or the RDISK utility that allows you to recover disk configuration information in the event of an emergency. Top Preemptive Multiprocessing Multitasking is the ability to run several applications at once using one processor. This can be either preemptive of cooperative. Top Workgroup The most important factors to consider when deciding between workgroup or domain model are the number of users that will take part in the sharing of resources, and their technical knowledge. Every Windows NT Workstation computer must belong to either a workgroup or a domain. Top Domain Collection of computers defined by the administrator of a Windows NT Server network that share a common directory. Provides access to the centralized user accounts and group accounts maintained by the domain administrator. Each domain has a unique name. Top Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Configuration of IP addresses and related information. Top Address Resolution Protocol > ARP - Provides IP address to MAC address resolution for IP packets. Top Remove NT on FAT Remove \WINNT directory and other files associated with NT or delete partition. Top Remove NT on NTFS Remove partition using DOS or Windows 95 FDISK utility (primary partitions) or WIN NT installation boot disks for extended partitions. Use SYS C: command to rewrite the boot sector. Top Hardware Qualifier Tool A utility called NT Hardware Qualifier that tests a computer for compatibility and detects supported devices. To use this utility, make an NTHQ disk by executing the MAKEDISK.BAT file in the \SUPPORT\HQTOOL directory. Home Page | Advertise | Top of Page