Contact Info   Home Page   NT Page Upgrading to Windows NT | Dual- Boot Server-Based Installation | NT Server RAS Multilink Dial-ups Retain or Inherit | NTFS File & Folder Permissions Restore the Boot Sector Printing | SQL-NWLink NT Boot Process | Partitions |File Systems Installation Program | Unattended Installation Paging/Demand Paging | Frame Types Client Service for NetWare | NWLink IPX/SPX Protocol SLIP-Dial-Up Networking Control Panel Upgrading to Windows NT Use the WINNT32 program to upgrade a previous version of NT. Upgrading requires a previous version of Windows NT. Does not support upgrading from Windows 3.1, previous Windows versions, OS/2, or other operating systems. Top Dual-Boot or Multi-Boot Run WINNT.EXE from the existing OS to install Windows NT. The Windows NT OS loader, NTLDR, includes the ability to display a menu of operating systems at boot time. Typically with Windows NT and DOS or a previous Windows version. Multiple versions of Windows NT on the same computer can also be selected. Use a separate directory (or a separate partition) for the Windows NT files. The installation program automatically configures the computer for duel-boot. If the boot.ini is set at 0 the user will not see the selection. Top Restore Boot Sector Boot to DOS and run WINNT.EXE to reinstall the boot sector. Boot to Win NT Workstation using the 3 setup disks and perform the emergency repair process. Top Server-Based Installation Automate installation using the Windows NT Unattended Installation, also called an answer file. It is an ASCII text file that includes the information that the installation program would normally prompt for during installation. Answer File: default settings for all computers UDF: Specific information for individual computers You can avoid creating separate answer files for each computer by using a separate file called a uniqueness database file (UDF). Similar in format to the answer file. This file can define two or more IDs for separate computers, and specify the unique settings for each one. Top RAS Multilink Dial-ups Multiple lines are used to exchange data between the client the server computers. Multilink connections increase throughput for dial-ups. Since RAS callback is limited to calling back only one number per user, configuring a RAS server for enforced callback will normally disable multilink dial-ups. Multilink dial-ups are not possible if all RAS servers on enforced callback. Top Retain or Inherit The only way to move a file and keep the NTFS permissions intact: move to same partition Moved to a different partition inherits Copied to same partition inherits Moved / copied to FAT permissions lost Top NTFS File & Folder Permissions NTFS file and folder permissions accumulate so the user receives the least restrictive permission When file and folder permissions combined with share permissions the most restrictive permission is granted. Top NT Boot Process 1. BIOS read MBR, starts NTLDR 2. NTLDR reads BOOT.INI, displays menu of operating systems 3. If DOS is selected, BOOTSECT.DOS is executed 4. NTDETECT.COM tests and detects hardware 5. NEOSKRNL.EXE starts Windows NT Top Partitions Boot Partition contains system files (\WINNT, HAL.DLL, NTOSKRNL.EXE) System partition contains files used in boot process (NTBOOTDD.SYS, NTLDR, BOOT.INI, BOOTSECT.DOS, NTDETECT.COM Top File Systems FAT: DOS standard; 2 GB maximum; 8.3 filenames VFAT: Windows 95 and NT; 4 GB maximum; long filenames NTFS: NT 4.0 and later; 16 EB (exabytes) maximum; long filenames; security HPFS: OS/2 and NT 3.51 and earlier; includes security; cannot be migrated to HPFS in NT 4.0 Top Installation Program WINNT32 (Windows NT) or WINNT (Windows 3.1; DOS; Windows 95) WINNT /B: Do not create boot disks WINNT /OX: Create boot disks, but do not start installation WINNT /T: drive: Specify temporary storage drive WINNT /U: Use unattended answer file Top Unattended Installation Answer file: Contains answers to installation prompts Uniqueness database file (UDF): Contains specific exceptions for one or more computers One answer file for each computer. One UDF for each type of computer. Top SYSDIFF SYSDIFF /snap: Create snapshot SYSDIFF /diff: Create difference file SYSDIFF /apply: Apply difference file to computer SYSDIFF /inf: Create INF file based on difference file SYSDIFF /dump: Create report of difference file contents Top Paging / Demand Paging Move unsed portion of memory to hard disk, and to retrieve the data when it is needed. Performance Monitor in the Memory category. The Available Bytes counter tracks the amount of memory (physical and virtual) available. The Pages/Second counter tracks the amount of virtual memory paging. A value of one or more pages per second indicates that more memory would improve performance. Top Volume Sets Two or more partitions Total capacity is sum of all partition sizes Partitions can be added without erasing Decreases speed Not fault tolerant Top Stripe Sets 2-32 partitions on separate disks Intersperses data between disks Increases read and write speed Stripe sets spread data across an array of disks to improve read/write performance Stripe sets and volume sets are not fault tolerant, and cannot encompass system and boot partitions Top NTFS Security Rights: Read, Write, Delete, Change Permissions, Execute, Take Ownership, Full Control, No Access Combining user and group rights; Least restrictive permission applies unless any right is No Access Copied files inherit permissions of new directory Moved files retain permissions Top File Sharing Rights: Read; Change, Full Control, No Access Combining NTFS and share rights: Most restrictive permission applies Default shares: NETLOGON; ADMIN$ for WINNT directory; shares for each drive (C$, etc.) When file and folder permissions combined with share permissions the most restrictive permission is granted. Top Frame Types 802.2 The industry standard, used by default in Windows NT and NetWare 3.12 and higher 802.3 A prorietary frame type used by Novell in NetWare 3.11 and earlier versions Ethernet SNAP A modified version of the IEEE 802.3 standard widely used in non-Novell networks, particularly AppleTalk Ethernett II A standard frame used by most TCP/IP networks, including networks with TCP/IP support Top Client Service for NetWare Preferred Server For bindery (NetWare 3.12 or earlier) connections, specify a perferred NetWare server. Print Options Add Form Feed, Notify When Printed, Print Banner Install CSNW using the Add button in the Services tab of the Network control panel. Top NWLink IPX/SPX Protocol NWLink is Microsoft's implementation of the IPX/SPX protocols, and is included with Windows NT. Automatically installed when you install CSNW. Top SLIP Dial-Up Networking Configure Dial-Up Networking to connect to your Internet service provider's SLIP server. You need an IP address entered manually when configuring Dial-Up Networking Top Control Panel Accessibility Options Add/Remove Programs Console CSNW> Date/Time Devices Dial-Up Monitor Display Fonts Internet Keyboard Modems Monitoring Agent Mouse Multimedia Network PC Card (PCMCIA) Ports Printers Regional Settings SCSI Adaptors Server Services Sounds System Tape Devices Telephony UPS Top Printing Printer is software representation; print device is actual hardware Configured from Printers folder To connect to a TCP/IP print device on network, you need IP Address of the print server and the printer name. Print pool: Printer with multiple assigned ports, attached to identical print devices All printers in pool must be able to use same printer driver Printer = driver Print device = printer (hdwe) 99 prints first 1 prints last Top NT Server Supports unlimited Network connections Supports up to 32 processors Supports up to 256 incoming RAS connections Can act as domain controller (PDC or BDC) or as a member server Supports fault tolerance (disk mirroring, striping with parity) Includes additional software (SFM, GSNW, IIS) Requires 16 MB RAM, approximately 124-MB disk storage Other features same as NT Workstation Top Network Types Workgroup (peer-to-peer) networks: Each workstation can share resources; each handles its own user authentication; best suited for small networks (10 workstations or less) Domain: (client-server) networks: One or more dedicated servers; centralized administration; any number of users; requires PDC (NT Server only) Top MS-DOS DOS applications each have a separate memory space Each DOS application runs in its own virtual DOS machine (VDM) AUTOEXEC.NT and CONFIG.NT files provide configuration information for DOS applications. Applications that attempt to access hardware directly or use their own extended memory managers are not support by Windows NT. Preemptive multitasking is supported for multiple DOS programs in separate VDMs. Each DOS application has its own memory space, and DOS applications cannot communicate with other applications. Top Win16 16-bit Windows applications are run in the WOW (Windows-on-Windows) subsystem, which also uses a VDM. These applications share a VDM and memory space by default, and are cooperatively multitasked. Win32 16-bit Windows applications written for Windows NT are support, along with the majority of those written for Windows 95. 32-bit applications each have their own memory space, but can communicate with each other and with 16-bit applications. Top Mapping Network Drives Right-clicking on the Network Neighborhood icon wllows access to the Map Network Drive option. This allows you to define a UNC path to a network share and assign a local drive letter to the directory. Top Multithreading The ability of an operating system to allow multiple tasks (threads) within an application to execute at the same time. In a multiprocessor system, these may be executed on different processors. Top Multiprocessing The ability of an operating system to use multiprocessors (CPUs) in a computer at the same time. Windows NT is the only version of Windows that supports multiprocessing. Top Emergency Repair Disk An emergency repair disk can be made through Disk Administrator, or the RDISK utility that allows you to recover disk configuration information in the event of an emergency. Top Cooperative Multitasking The ability of an operating system to use multiprocessors (CPUs) in a computer at the same time. Windows NT is the only version of Windows that supports multiprocessing. Top Preemptive Multiprocessing Multitasking is the ability to run several applications at once using one processor. This can be either preemptive of cooperative. Top Workgroup The most important factors to consider when deciding between workgroup or domain model are the number of users that will take part in the sharing of resources, and their technical knowledge. Every Windows NT Workstation computer must belong to either a workgroup or a domain. Top NWLink Protocol Need NWLink protocol to access a SQL Server application running on a NetWare server directly from your NT Workstation computer. Top Home Page | NT Page | Contact Info